Improvement in vessels for carrying liquid cargoes



atea sulla C@ anni di tu;

Letters Patent No. 110,942, dated January 10,- 1871.

IMPRcvMENT IN vEssI-:Ls FoR CARRYING LIQUID cARGoEs.

The Schedule referred tov in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

I, ,WILLIAM GRAY WARDEN, of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, State ot' Pennsylvania, have invented a Vessel for Carrying Liquid Gargoes in Bulk, of which the following is a specification.

Neuware and Object of the Invention.

My invention relates to' the peculiar construction o1 vessels for the transportation otliquid cargoes in bulk, and v My, invention consists of a cellular structure for containing the liquid cargo, the said structure being wide below and `contr-acted above, and adapted to a vessel substantially as described hereafter, so that the bulk of the liquid cargo maybe distributed in the vessel with due regard to the p'roper'trimining of the saine, and so as to impart longitudinal and transverse strength to the vessel wherethe greatest strength is required, and so. that space may be alforded outside the said cellular st1'ucture-brthe purpose of ai'ordi-ng room for a return cargo of a character -iyhich would be deteriorated by storing inside the structure.

My invention further consists of other improvements too fully explained fhereafter to need prclinii-A nary explanation.

Description of the Accompanying Drawing.

Gen-eral Description.

A represents the hull oit' .the vessel, which, in the present instance, is built of iron, but which may be built of wood, although I prefer aniron vessel.

B B are a series of' compartments or cells of thel peculiar sectional form best ,observed in fig. 1, the structure inclosing the cells resting on and being secured to transverse'bcams (t, which are connecteth'by suitable longitudinal beams Za, to the ribs d of the vessel. There is, consequently, a space of considerable capacity between the bottom ofthe cellular structure and the bottom ofthevessels hull, for bilge-water, Src.

In the present instance the vessel'has three decks.'

E, F, and G, and the outer portions c, iig. l, of the cells extendin altitude as far as the under sidefot the `beams of the deck G, to which beams the-cellular structure is properly secured, the said portions e terminatinglaterally at the inner .edges of the vessels ribs, to which they are also properly secured.

The centralportions f f of the cellular structure extend to theunder side of the beams of the intermediate deck F, to which they are also secured.

A bulk-head or girder, It, properly strengthened by ribs, as seen in tig. 5, extends from the kelson 'i of the vessel to the highest portion of the cells, and, in fact, forms a part of the saine, as it is a longitudinal midship partition between and forming-apart of two rows of cells which are separated from eachother by transverse partitions m, as seen in fig. 3. ln other words, the portion of the vessel set apart for the liquid cargo consists of a cellular structure of plank' or sheet-iron, or other suitable material, united to the beams and ribs of the vessel, and forming an integralI part ofV the entire structure ot' the vessel.

The peculiar shape of this cellular structure, viewed transversely, has been adopted for reasons whichI will now proceed toexplain.

First, the space in the hold ot' the vessel to be def voted to .liquid "cargo must, owing to the weight of the latter, `be restricted and proportionedi'in accordance with the carrying capacity of the vessel Secondly, the bulk should be distributed within the vessel with due regard to. t-he proper trimming of the same Thirdly, the cellular structure containing thecargo should be such as to impart strength to the vessel, both longitudinally and transversely; and

lfourthly, the struotureshould be s o arranged "and distributed as te aiord space `other than'that within the cells, for the storage of la return cargo.

It will be seen that in' carrying cutmy invention I havev had a-'duev regard for theserequirements.

V'lhe cellular structure for containing the liquid cargo is ofsuchextcnt that when filled with liquid, it will load the vessel to its full carrying capacity.

The greatest bulk of the cargo is contained within the lowerv'port-ion ofl the cellular structure, which is below the load water-linc, and such port-ion of rtheA `structure asis above this line occupies a central position in the vessel. Thisarrangement ll consider the best for properly trimming the vessel, and it possesses the advantage of affording spaces, y y, for the storage, ou the lower deck G, ot' a return cargo, that might be deteriorated if introduced into the cells previously lled with petroleum.

As regards the addition of transverse strength to the hull of the vessel, it will be seen .that the lower portion of thecellular structure extends from side toside of the hull, is united to the ribs, and is 'essen-- tially a part ot' the hull, and, as regards additional strength longitudinally, this is imparted by the entire structure, and especially by the longitudinal bulkhead or girder h -in fact, increased strength is imparted to the vessel where the greatest strength is required,

that is, where the heaviest cargo is stowed within the cellular structure.

Thestructure, however, 'whilel it adds strength to the' vessel, does not impart objectionable rigidity or stift'- lness to it, for it is not united directly to the shell cx- Aceptingat the opposite sides between the points' x as,

where the struct-nre is connected directly to the ribs, and here a packing may be introduced between the structure and the shell of the vessel, of such yielding character as to counteract the rigidity which would otherwise exist at those points.

Each cell of the structure is provided with a hollow projection, n, passing through the deck G, and furnished with a cover, on the removal of which access -maybe had to the interior.

Should it be desirable to introduce a mast in the vesselat'any point within the space occupiedby the cellular structure, I construct the latter as shown in g. 3; that is to say, I so form the cells, and so con-- l struct the central bulkhead, h, as to leave an open space, p, much larger than the mast, for the reception of the same, which is therefore totally disconnected from the cellular struct-ure, the latterbeing conseqnently free from all liability toinj uryl by any movearrange a supplementary vessel or vessels, J; with which communicates a pipe, x, one of these pipes passing aboveeach row of cells, and having a branch communicating wit-h each cell, so thateJ portion of the v contents inay tind their wa'y into the vessel J', when. any cell becomes surcharged by the expansion of; the uid. A valve opening downward, as shown in iig.` 4, lmay he arranged beneath the top of each cell,

where the branch-.pipe enters the same, so that the valvema-y be self-closing and prevent unnecessary escape'of the iluid from the cells when the vessel rolls. In order that the gas generated within each cell may always have free vent, I connect to the pipe k a branchl or branches l, which are continued along the nia-st T, or areotherwise so disposed of that there can be no danger of the accidental ignition of the escaping gas.

It`-desired, there maybe a separate system ot' pipesv arranged aboveiand communicating with the several cells for the/escape of gas, or, it the mast be made of iron, and hollow, it may be used as lavcnt'for' carrying off the'gas.

- After the tanks have been emptied, they require to be thoroughly freed from gas, an operation which I'perform by injecting steam into each cell, thereby forcing the gas therefrom through mov-able or stationary pipes.

Any desired number of properly-stiieued plates, t, may project downward into eacli cell, for the purpose of preventing vesselrolls, should the cells not be quite full, the plates at the same time serving to impart additional strength to the structure.

Although I have illustrated and described my iuventionl as applied to av vessel with three decks, it is notrestricted to a vessel of this class, but may be ap- .pli'ed to any'vssel, due regard being in all cases paid to the proper proportioning and disposal'of the cellular'structnre iu accordance with the capacity oi' the hull,.draught oi' water, Snc.

, I donot desire to confine myself to one central bulkhead .or girder only, as' there may be-two-or more, and, in some cases, lthis bulkhead may be entirely dispensed-,ivitln lthrough a'system of pipes with the cells of `thestructure, and situated so as to .retain the liquid which overiiows from said cells,substantially as described.

3. An open space, Informed through and by the cellular structure, for the reception of the inast, but of such a diameter that the inastcannotbear against the sides of the sanie.

Intestiuiony whereof l have signed my name to this speciiication in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. t

WILLIAM G. WARDEN.

Witnesses:

. WM. A. STEEL,

JN0. B. HARDING.

the undue agitation of the fluid as the. 

